Choline rich foods

Living with trimethylaminuria (TMAU) presents unique dietary challenges, as individuals with this condition need to manage their intake of choline-rich foods to minimize the production of trimethylamine (TMA) and its characteristic odor.

Choline is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including liver function and cell membrane integrity. However, in individuals with TMAU, choline metabolism can lead to the production of TMA, which can result in malodor and other symptoms associated with the condition.

Top Choline-Rich Foods for Individuals with TMAU

Top Choline-Rich Foods for Individuals with TMAU
1. Eggs
   Eggs are a rich source of choline, with one large egg containing approximately 147 milligrams of this nutrient. Enjoy eggs cooked in various ways, such as boiled, scrambled, or poached, to add variety to your diet.
2. Liver
   Beef liver is exceptionally high in choline, with a 100-gram serving providing over 400 milligrams of this nutrient. While liver may not be a staple in every diet, incorporating it into your meals occasionally can help boost your choline intake.
3. Salmon
   Fatty fish like salmon are not only rich in omega-3 fatty acids but also provide a substantial amount of choline. A 100-gram serving of salmon contains approximately 56 milligrams of choline, making it an excellent choice for individuals with TMAU.
4. Chicken Breast
   Skinless, boneless chicken breast is a lean source of protein that also supplies choline. A 100-gram serving of cooked chicken breast provides around 70 milligrams of choline, making it a versatile option for TMAU-friendly meals.
5. Tofu
   Tofu, made from soybeans, is a plant-based source of choline suitable for individuals with TMAU. A 100-gram serving of tofu contains approximately 35 milligrams of choline, making it a valuable addition to vegetarian and vegan diets.
6. Spinach
   Leafy greens like spinach are not only low in calories but also rich in choline. A 100-gram serving of cooked spinach provides around 24 milligrams of choline, along with an array of other essential nutrients.
7. Broccoli
   Broccoli is another cruciferous vegetable that offers a moderate amount of choline. A 100-gram serving of cooked broccoli contains approximately 40 milligrams of choline, making it a nutritious addition to TMAU-friendly meals.
8. Dairy products
   Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt can contribute to choline intake. For example, a 240-milliliter (1 cup) serving of milk provides around 40 milligrams of choline, while a 30-gram serving of cheddar cheese contains approximately 20 milligrams of choline.
9. Seafood
   Certain seafood, such as shrimp, cod, and shellfish, contains choline but may also contribute to higher TMA production due to their higher levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Individuals with TMAU should monitor their intake of these seafood varieties and adjust their diet accordingly.

Last updated : March 2024